Behavioral Issues

What Scientologists Say About Scientology

In the media today, there is much speculation about whether or not Scientology is a cult or a religion. As seen from the opinions of the people in the video, it appears that Scientologists are fully functioning, helpful members of society. Scientology leaders assert that they are not leading a cult; they insist that “the church is a religion, if an unconventional one” (BBC). However, that video was also put out on the Internet by the Church of Scientology. Many critics have come out saying that this “new” religion is not really a religion at all. Rather, they argue along similar terms that it is “is an unscrupulous commercial enterprise that harasses its critics and brutally exploits its members” (Wikipedia). Currently, Scientology is still trying to legitimize itself as a religion throughout the world. Nevertheless, it is becoming harder to accept as more entities reject it: “the church…banned from British prisons - whilst in Germany, [Scientology] members are not allowed to stand for parliament” (BBC). Most recently, in October, 2009, the Church of Scientology was convicted of fraud in France. Members sued the Church for continuously wanting more money in order to practice Scientology, calling this a fraudulent practice. In the end, “a three-judge panel at the Correctional Court in Paris convicted the church and six of its members of organized fraud, but stopped short of banning the church” from France (CNN). The Church claimed that this was an “inquisition” on the part of France and that freedom of religion is in jeopardy.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientology#Controversies
http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/10/27/france.scientology.fraud/index.html
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1999/02/99/e-cyclopedia/392396.stm

Dianetics

Scientology Video on Dianetics

L. Ron Hubbard’s Dianetics is the system from which Scientology is based. According to the site, Dianetics “could be said to be what the soul is doing to the body” (http://www.scientology.org). In other words, Dianetics is the complicated emotional being that inhibits and affects every individual. In order to assuage the problems of daily life caused by emotional turmoil, one must get rid of undesired “spiritual conditions.” The way to do this is through a therapy called auditing, a part of Dianetics, which is now a major component of Scientology. Through auditing, a Scientologist is said to be: “(1) helping the individual rid himself of any disabilities and (2) increasing individual abilities” (http://www.auditing.org). During auditing, an auditor, the counselor or “listener,” listens to the “preclear,” a follower who seeks the therapy who has not yet reached the state of Clear. Being in the state of Clear means having “erased one’s reactive mind” (http://www.auditing.org/13-clear.htm). With a reactive mind, a person can still feel the effects of the traumatic experiences from the past. The auditor is trained by the Church of Scientology. The auditor, during the session, asks the preclear many questions that are supposed to help lead to clarity and awareness. Of the infinite questions, however, it is stated that “L. Ron Hubbard isolated the exact questions and directions to invariably bring about improvement” (http://www.auditing.org). During an auditing session, an Electropsychometer, or E-Meter, is used. This device measures the mental state of a person and its changes throughout the session. The instrument does not actually do anything to the user—it simply reacts to “mental activity” (http://www.scientology.org).


Picture of E-meter. (Credit to: http://img2.scientology.org/pics/en_US/religion/presentation/auditing2.jpg)

In my experience in the Catholic faith, we too have a similar practice: Confession. It involves a one on one meeting with a priest that results in the absolving of sins for the time being. Afterwards, one could be considered “clear” or pure. However, no devices are used of any kind. In this way, this one element of Scientology does seem to vaguely resemble at least one branch of Christianity.

http://www.auditing.org/wis5_2.htm
http://www.auditing.org/13-clear.htm
http://www.scientology.org/religion/presentation/pg012.html

Scientology, Open for Business

When thinking of religion, money is usually not an aspect one focuses on. However, on the Scientology website, there is an opportunity to buy a book or pamphlet written by its founder, L. Ron Hubbard, on almost every page. This makes Scientology appear more like a product that a spiritual doctrine to an unknowing guest viewer. After looking more into the matter, I discovered that the money issue delves deeper than I had originally thought. For example, scientology.org does not tell patrons that “charges for auditing and other Church-related courses run to tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars” (Wikipedia). These two practices are main elements in the religion—Dianetics is based upon them both, and Dianetics is the basis for Scientology. According to Scientology, one cannot hope to achieve happiness without auditing, the counseling sessions that cleanse individuals of their scarring memories Additionally, without studying Hubbard’s texts, one cannot truly hope to be a Scientologist. To be such a participant would mean to pay upwards of $27,000 for certain training courses within Scientology (Wikipedia). To top it off, a study shows that “Hubbard had personally received over $108,000 from the Church and affiliates over a four-year period, over and above the percentage of gross income (usually 10%) he received from Church-affiliated organizations” (Wikipedia).

While in theory it appears that Hubbard created a religion in order to better the lives of others, it appears that he may have simply been after wealth. In fact, after many Scientologists had been sued, one court “accused Scientologists of exploiting beliefs for commercial gain. ‘Amassing money is one of the essential concerns, if not the only concern, of the Church of Scientology’” (Kent). While other religious organizations, most notably the Roman Catholic Church, also have amassed great wealth, it is not in the same way that one man, Hubbard, has benefited from Scientology.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientology_as_a_business

Kent, Stephen A., The Globalization of Scientology: Influence, Control and Opposition in Transnational Markets. Religion (1999) 29, p. 147–169 Article No. reli.1998.0154, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com

The Eight Dynamics

In order to increase the ability to survive, according to Scientology, a follower must go through the Eight Dynamics. The first dynamic is Self. This is the realization that one wants to try to survive for as long as possible. This principle includes a person’s material possessions but excludes all others. Secondly comes Creativity. Creativity is “making things for the future.” This encompasses an individual’s family and especially children, as they are literally for the future. In addition, this can mean sex, because this leads to “future survival.” Group survival is the third dynamic. In this dynamic, one person moves on from single survival to thinking of survival within a group. This group can be any size or type of organization, including a country. The fourth dynamic is mankind. The next step up from groups is in species, and as the name of this dynamic suggests, this principle deals with the survival of all members of the human species. Life forms are the fifth dynamic. Within this dynamic, the urge for forms to survive extends beyond the human species to all species—to all living things, including plants and other animals. The sixth dynamic is called physical universe. This has four parts to it: “matter, energy, space and time.” Now outside of the realm of living organisms, an individual is to encourage the survival of the entire universe, including these four components. Spiritual is the seventh dynamic. This calls for a person to have the urge for all spiritual life to survive. Finally, the last and eighth dynamic is infinity. This is to mean an all-creator, or God. Within this dynamic, it “embraces the allness of all.” When a person is completely comfortable on each one of these levels, he or she can then move on to the next dynamic. Ultimately, the goal is achieve the eighth dynamic.

This idea of following a certain set of principles is similar to some of the major religions of the world. For example, the Ten Commandments of Christianity and the Seven Pillars of Islam both dictate how people should live. They help to uphold social standards and ways of life that followers should stick to. In this way, Scientologists are similar to Christians and Muslims.

http://learn.scientology.org/wis4_12.htm

Main Points of Scientology

Before I went searching for critiques in the media or biased views on Scientology, I decided to go straight to what I consider to be the main source of information today: Scientology's own website on the Internet. The following paragraph is a culmination of what I discovered about Scientology using the official Scientology website and Wikipedia, the other source that most people use in order to glean information.

Scientology is a religion did not come about until the 20th century. It was created by L. Ron Hubbard, starting in 1950 with his theory of Dianetics. Dianetics was a method of counseling that helped individuals by having them delve into their memories to sort out conflicts. According to a Scientology website, the three main focuses of this religion are:

• "Man is an immortal spiritual being.
• His experience extends well beyond a single lifetime.
• His capabilities are unlimited, even if not presently realized." (http://www.scientologytoday.org/corp/des.htm)
  

The religion is based on the idea that each person is a thetan, a life force. Another one of the main ideas of Scientology is that it can be used as a tool to better one’s self in the world so that one may simply survive. In order to do so, one can follow the Eight Dynamics, which include Self, Creativity, Groups, Mankind, Life Forms, Physical Universe, Spiritual, and Infinity. It is emblemized in the practice through the eight-corner Scientology cross. Another one of the main symbols of Scientology is of the ARC and KRC triangles. The ARC signifies Affinity, Reality, and Communication. While the KRC stands for Knowledge, Responsibility, and Control. Also, to better succeed in life, one can use the Tone Scale, a ranking system of verbal communications that help when interacting with others. In order to fully understand all Scientology concepts, members must study the theories and texts proposed by Hubbard. The religion is said to be an applied philosophical process.

http://www.scientology.org/#/videos
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientology
http://www.scientologytoday.org/corp/des.htm